Smoking cessation is the cessation of tobacco use in order to overcome the induced addiction. Although cessation can be spontaneous, there are several aids, mainly aimed at stopping smokers. Such withdrawal is often difficult, varying the degree of dependence and motivation. Cessation reduces the effects of smokers on health stop smoking hypnosis Washington DC.
The evaluation of addiction is often necessary prerequisite before undertaking stop smokers. In fact, it depends on the risk of failure and the need for therapeutic help. This dependence can for example be approximated by the Fagerstrom test, which consists of a questionnaire on smokers habits. In an individual with this dependence, the desire to free himself from the majority. And in Britain 78% of smokers would like to be non-smokers on the horizon of one year and 80% had attempted in past 5 years (and already 75% in 16-25 years group). Cessation can be achieved immediately, or gradually by reducing the number of cigarettes daily. Both strategies seem equivalent in terms of spontaneous cessation.
There are many side effects. Thus, in Country, he is no longer part since May 2011 the list of products used in block grant of 50 euros. Cytisine is used in this context for decades in some countries, particularly in Eastern Europe Est. She seems more effective than placebo and interest is even more important that it is much cheaper than other available pharmacological solutions.
Assistance Software by judgment are available on internet11,12 or computer or game console. The use of such software may be useful. A self-adhesive stamp slowly diffuses nicotine through the skin, which keeps titration nicotine and reduces or eliminates the lack of impressions. The usual treatment lasts for eight weeks with gradual reduction of dosage. The initial dosage is based on the evaluation of intensity of tobacco dependence and the result of measurement of exhaled CO.
According to a Cochrane meta-analysis, decision nicotine increases of 50 to 70% likelihood of quitting compared to no treatment or placebo the arrest rate at 12 months in clinical setting is 13.7% 14; other studies have shown a reduced effectiveness (100 attempts, 3-6 stops confirmed to 12 months). There are other modes of administration of nicotine substitutes: chewing gum, inhalers, sprays, lozenges, sublingual tablets. Regarding sustainable stop these nicotine specialties do not have a higher efficiency than stamps transdermal. They are sometimes associated with it, to try to increase the success rate.
In Country, the patches are sold in pharmacies, possibly prescription (prescription is required for minors). Since 1 February 2007, the health insurance funds to tune of 50 per calendar year per beneficiary purchasing pharmaceutical nicotine (patch, gum, lozenge, etc.) prescribed by a healthcare professional. May 31, 2011, participation was increased to 150 euros for pregnant women.
According to a recommendation of High Health Authority for professional, medical care for patients who smoke is always recommended, especially if comorbidity or risk of complications (hospitalization, depression, pregnancy, multiple drug use, history or neuropsychiatric treatment, etc.) .
In 2008 were 646 registered clinics in medical cessation, almost equally divided between public (303) and private (343). There should be 4-6 consultations over several months. These services draw some ofir effectiveness in supporting a tobacco specialist trained in management of psychological component of addiction. They are usually accompanied by a pharmacological treatment to reduce cravings and cravings during the weaning period. There is no known cure for the prevention.
The evaluation of addiction is often necessary prerequisite before undertaking stop smokers. In fact, it depends on the risk of failure and the need for therapeutic help. This dependence can for example be approximated by the Fagerstrom test, which consists of a questionnaire on smokers habits. In an individual with this dependence, the desire to free himself from the majority. And in Britain 78% of smokers would like to be non-smokers on the horizon of one year and 80% had attempted in past 5 years (and already 75% in 16-25 years group). Cessation can be achieved immediately, or gradually by reducing the number of cigarettes daily. Both strategies seem equivalent in terms of spontaneous cessation.
There are many side effects. Thus, in Country, he is no longer part since May 2011 the list of products used in block grant of 50 euros. Cytisine is used in this context for decades in some countries, particularly in Eastern Europe Est. She seems more effective than placebo and interest is even more important that it is much cheaper than other available pharmacological solutions.
Assistance Software by judgment are available on internet11,12 or computer or game console. The use of such software may be useful. A self-adhesive stamp slowly diffuses nicotine through the skin, which keeps titration nicotine and reduces or eliminates the lack of impressions. The usual treatment lasts for eight weeks with gradual reduction of dosage. The initial dosage is based on the evaluation of intensity of tobacco dependence and the result of measurement of exhaled CO.
According to a Cochrane meta-analysis, decision nicotine increases of 50 to 70% likelihood of quitting compared to no treatment or placebo the arrest rate at 12 months in clinical setting is 13.7% 14; other studies have shown a reduced effectiveness (100 attempts, 3-6 stops confirmed to 12 months). There are other modes of administration of nicotine substitutes: chewing gum, inhalers, sprays, lozenges, sublingual tablets. Regarding sustainable stop these nicotine specialties do not have a higher efficiency than stamps transdermal. They are sometimes associated with it, to try to increase the success rate.
In Country, the patches are sold in pharmacies, possibly prescription (prescription is required for minors). Since 1 February 2007, the health insurance funds to tune of 50 per calendar year per beneficiary purchasing pharmaceutical nicotine (patch, gum, lozenge, etc.) prescribed by a healthcare professional. May 31, 2011, participation was increased to 150 euros for pregnant women.
According to a recommendation of High Health Authority for professional, medical care for patients who smoke is always recommended, especially if comorbidity or risk of complications (hospitalization, depression, pregnancy, multiple drug use, history or neuropsychiatric treatment, etc.) .
In 2008 were 646 registered clinics in medical cessation, almost equally divided between public (303) and private (343). There should be 4-6 consultations over several months. These services draw some ofir effectiveness in supporting a tobacco specialist trained in management of psychological component of addiction. They are usually accompanied by a pharmacological treatment to reduce cravings and cravings during the weaning period. There is no known cure for the prevention.
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